# About MOTS-c Chemical — Independent Research Digest

> MOTS-c Chemical is an independent editorial project publishing peer-reviewed research summaries on the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c. Not a clinic. Not a vendor.

## About This Project

MOTS-c Chemical is an independent editorial project that publishes summaries of the peer-reviewed research literature on MOTS-c — the mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene (MT-RNR1). We are not a clinic. We do not employ clinicians and we do not provide medical advice. We do not manufacture, sell, or distribute any product.

The name "MOTS-c Chemical" reflects our editorial position relative to the compound: this is a research chemical in every jurisdiction. Nothing is for sale here.

## What We Publish

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide with a growing body of peer-reviewed research. As of 2025, the record includes foundational metabolic studies (Lee 2015, Cell Metabolism [1]), an exercise physiology and aging paper (Reynolds 2021, Nature Communications [2]), a nuclear-translocation mechanism study (Kim 2018, Cell Metabolism [4]), and a series of 2023–2026 publications identifying CK2alpha as a direct binding target [12], TRIM72-mediated membrane repair [15], cardiac protection in a diabetic model [11], and human-myotube atrophy prevention [13].

We summarize what the studies actually measured. Doses are reported as administered in the relevant animal model or cell line. Quantitative claims carry numbered citations. We do not extrapolate animal findings to human recommendations.

MOTS-c is prohibited under WADA S4.4.1. It has no FDA-approved indication. These are standing facts reported on every relevant page of this site.

## Editorial Standards

Every quantitative claim is cited to a peer-reviewed source. Citations include DOI and PubMed URL for independent verification. We do not link to vendors, recommend doses, or provide consultation.

## References

[1] Lee C, et al. Cell Metabolism. 2015;21(3):443-454. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009 PMID: 25738459

[2] Reynolds JC, et al. Nature Communications. 2021;12(1):773. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20790-0 PMID: 33473109

[4] Kim KH, et al. Cell Metabolism. 2018;28(3):516-524. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.008 PMID: 29983246

[11] Pham T, et al. Frontiers in Physiology. 2025;16:1602271. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1602271 PMID: 40661667

[12] Kumagai H, et al. iScience. 2024;27(11):111212. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111212 PMID: 39559755

[13] Elhusseiny R, et al. Physiological Reports. 2026;14(4):e70791. DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70791 PMID: 41732124

[15] Jia H, et al. Theranostics. 2024;14(14):5480-5497. DOI: 10.7150/thno.100321 PMID: 39310099

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Calibrated from the peer-reviewed record — a machined-instrument digest of the MOTS-c literature, not a clinic, not a vendor, not a prescription.